Background: The folk medicine in Egypt has described several kinds of Egyptian herbs and plant prescriptions, belonging to various families to be concerned with the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The present study focuses on evaluating the chromosomal aberration in somatic cells of STZ-diabetic rats treated with Lupinus albus (termis) and Hyphaene thebaica (doum) as well as their effect on liver and pancreas histopathology. Material and methods: STZ was injected intraperitoneally at a single dose of 50 mg/kg to induce diabetes. Termis seeds suspension (75 mg/100 g b.wt.) was daily orally administered, doum fruit suspension was daily orally administered (1g/kg b.wt.) and also gliclazide, reference drug, was administered at a dose equivalent to the therapeutic dose of rat. After four weeks of administration, bone-marrow metaphases were prepared for examining chromosomal aberration. These were followed by statistical analysis. Liver and pancreas were dissected, processed and stained with H&E for investigating histopathological changes. Results: The results of chromosomal analysis showed that, diabetic rats had a highly significant increase of chromosomal aberrations compared to that of normal healthy control. Animals which were treated with Lupinus albus and Hyphaene thebaica showed significant improvements in the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations. Also, treatment of diabetic rats with termis and doum revealed marked improvement in liver and pancreas histopathology. Conclusion: It is concluded that diabetes is much harmful on the histological picture of liver and pancreas and on chromosomal aberration frequencies in the animal body, whilst the administration of termis or doum reduced these harmful effects of diabetes.