Background: Gallstone disease is one of the most common and most expensive to treat, of digestive disorders that need admission to hospital. In addition to sex, age, and family history, several metabolic diseases are associated with a high risk of CGD, including obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, abnormalities that are considered key constituents of the metabolic syndrome (MS). Objective: To find out the possible relationship between serum lipids, and altered glucose tolerance in cholelithiasis which may be indicative of metabolic syndrome. Patients and Methods: A total 140 patients were taken for the study, among which 108 were female patients and 32 were males, in the age group of 30-70 years. Plasma glucose, serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides levels were estimated. VLDL and LDL-cholesterol were calculated by Friedwalds Formula. Results: There was a non significant difference in total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol, while there was a highly significant difference in triglycerides (p=0.001) and VLDL (p=0.003) between patients and control groups. In addition, there was a significant increase in HDL cholesterol (p=0.001) in cholelithiasis patients as compared to control subjects. Furthermore, fasting blood sugar mean value was significantly lower in cholelithiasis than in controls. Conclusion: Triglyceride and BMI are major risk factors for cholelithiasis in our study population, where cholelithiasis is a common disorder. Cholelithiasis may be a risk factor for development of metabolic syndrome.