Mills, drills, burs and low-frequency oscillating saws were the only tools for bone-cutting for a long time and theiruse rarely questioned on their biological and physiological effects on bone. With the emergence of new technologiesin bone-cutting - such as lasers and piezoelectric cutting devices - more and more experimental and clinical studiesshed light on the differences in the bone healing-cycle when traditional instrumentation is compared to these newtechnologies.A search in medical and biomedical databases was performed and molecular-biologic, micromorphologic, histologic,experimental and clinical comparative studies were selected, excluding case-reports and unclear methodology.Experimental and clinical findings then were summarized and compared against each other by theirmicromorphologic, histologic, biologic and clinical effects resulting in a comparative overview with impact to theclinician’s daily routine-work.At the current state of secure knowledge, scientific literature suggests piezoelectric surgical tools for bone-cutting toprovide the highest clinical precision, the least procedural bone-loss, an improved bone-healing and best “ease-of-use”.